寂寥

Chinese

		lonesome	empty; lonesome; very few
trad. (寂寥)		寂	寥
simp. #(寂寥)		寂	寥

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jìliáo, jíliáo

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˋ ㄌㄧㄠˊ, ㄐㄧˊ ㄌㄧㄠˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zik⁶ liu⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jìliáo
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ ㄌㄧㄠˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jìliáo
    • Wade–Giles: chi⁴-liao²
    • Yale: jì-lyáu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jihliau
    • Palladius: цзиляо (cziljao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵¹ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jíliáo
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˊ ㄌㄧㄠˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jíliáo
    • Wade–Giles: chi²-liao²
    • Yale: jí-lyáu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyiliau
    • Palladius: цзиляо (cziljao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi³⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zik⁶ liu⁴
    • Yale: jihk lìuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzik⁹ liu⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: jig⁶ liu⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɪk̚² liːu̯²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: dzek lew|lek

Rime
Character	寂	寥	寥
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	從 (15)	來 (37)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	錫 (127)	蕭 (93)	錫 (127)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	IV	IV
Fanqie	前歷切	落蕭切	郎擊切
Baxter	dzek	lew	lek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡zek̚/	/leu/	/lek̚/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zek̚/	/leu/	/lek̚/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zɛk̚/	/leu/	/lɛk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zɛjk̚/	/lɛw/	/lɛjk̚/
Li Rong	/d͡zek̚/	/leu/	/lek̚/
Wang Li	/d͡ziek̚/	/lieu/	/liek̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡zʱiek̚/	/lieu/	/liek̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jí	liáo	lì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zik6	liu4	lik6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*zlɯːwɢ  rɯːw|rɯːwɢ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	寂
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jì
Middle Chinese	‹ dzek ›
Old Chinese	/*s-[d]ˁiwk/
English	quiet
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	寂	寥	寥
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
No.	11734	8366	8370
Phonetic component	尗	翏	翏
Rime group	覺	幽	覺
Rime subdivision	2	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	寂	聊	靂
Old Chinese	/*zlɯːwɢ/	/*rɯːw/	/*rɯːwɢ/
Notes		見老子說文作廫

Adjective

寂寥

1. quiet; tranquil; still
2. open; spacious; empty; void
3. lonely; lonesome; solitary; desolate

Synonyms

• (quiet):

edit

• 和平 (hépíng)
• 嗼寂 (mòjì)
• 安恬 (āntián) (literary)
• 安生 (ānshēng)
• 安謐／安谧 (ānmì) (literary)
• 安靖 (ānjìng) (literary)
• 安靜／安静 (ānjìng)
• 寂寞 (jìmò)
• 寂然 (jìrán) (literary)
• 寂靜／寂静 (jìjìng)
• 寧靜／宁静 (níngjìng)
• 平和
• 平靜／平静 (píngjìng)
• 幽靜／幽静 (yōujìng)
• 恬 (Hakka, literary or Min Nan)
• 恬倓 (tiántán)
• 恬淡 (tiándàn)
• 恬謐／恬谧 (tiánmì) (literary)
• 恬靜／恬静 (tiánjìng)
• 悄悄 (qiāoqiāo)
• 沉寂 (chénjì)
• 沉靜／沉静 (chénjìng)
• 清淨／清净 (qīngjìng)
• 清靜／清静 (qīngjìng)
• 自靜／自静 (zi³ jing²) (Jin)
• 靜寂／静寂 (jìngjì)
• 靜寂寂／静寂寂 (Hokkien)
• 靜悄悄／静悄悄 (jìngqiāoqiāo)
• 靜生生／静生生 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)

 

• (open): 空曠／空旷 (kōngkuàng), 空闊／空阔 (kōngkuò)
• (lonely):

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• 俗 (Hokkien)
• 孤單／孤单 (gūdān)
• 孤孑 (gūjié) (literary)
• 孤寂 (gūjì)
• 孤獨／孤独 (gūdú)
• 寂寞 (jìmò)
• 挑另 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 索寞 (suǒmò) (literary or Eastern Min)
• 落寞 (luòmò)