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U+633A, 挺
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-633A

[U+6339]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+633B]

Translingual

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Han character

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(Kangxi radical 64, +6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 手弓大土 (QNKG), four-corner 52041, composition )

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 432, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12106
  • Dae Jaweon: page 781, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1869, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+633A

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *l'eːŋ, *l'eːŋʔ) : semantic (hand) + phonetic (OC *l'eːŋ, *l'eːŋʔ).

Etymology 1

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simp. and trad.
alternative forms 𡈼 ancient

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(p/b)ljaŋ (straight; straighten) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2003, 2007). Compare Burmese ဖြောင့် (hpraung., straight), as well as the following Chinese terms:

  • 𡈼 (OC *l̥ʰeːŋʔ, “good, virtuous; to be good at”)
  • (OC *l'eːŋ, “straight (of growing grain), upright (of morality); courtyard”)
  • (OC *l'eːŋʔ, “stick, staff, club”)
  • (OC *l'eːŋ, “bamboo rod”)
  • (OC *l'eːŋʔ, “metal rod, ingot”)
  • (OC *l̥ʰeːŋʔ, “jade scepter”)

The Sino-Tibetan root is allofamic with Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(p/b)ljaŋ (plank, palm, flat surface, wing) (whence (OC *ben, *beŋ, “flat, even”)) and Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(p/b)liŋ (full; to fill) (whence (OC *leŋ, “to fill; full, surplus”)), with the semantic core of these roots being a "complete realization of a dimensional quality".

The intensifier usage “quite; very” is most likely a grammaticalized usage from “outstanding; prominent” (Liu, 2008; Yang, 2021). Alternatively, it may be from Manchu ᡨᡝᠨ (ten, extreme) (Aixinjueluo, 1993).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • tháⁿ, thán, thíⁿ - vernacular;
  • théng - literary.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial () (7) (7)
Final () (125) (125)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () IV IV
Fanqie
Baxter deng dengX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/deŋ/ /deŋX/
Pan
Wuyun
/deŋ/ /deŋX/
Shao
Rongfen
/dɛŋ/ /dɛŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/dɛjŋ/ /dɛjŋX/
Li
Rong
/deŋ/ /deŋX/
Wang
Li
/dieŋ/ /dieŋX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/dʱieŋ/ /dʱieŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
tíng dìng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
ting4 ding6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
tǐng
Middle
Chinese
‹ thengX ›
Old
Chinese
/*l̥ˁeŋʔ/
English stand up straight

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 12429 12430
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0 0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*l'eːŋ/ /*l'eːŋʔ/

Definitions

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  1. straight; erect
      ―  tǐng  ―  straight; erect
  2. to stick out; to straighten up
    胸膛  ―  tǐng qǐ xiōngtáng  ―  to proudly put one's chest out
    [Cantonese]  ―  ting5 zik6 tiu4 jiu1 [Jyutping]  ―  to straighten up one's back
  3. to endure; to stand
    不住  ―  tǐng bùzhù le.  ―  I can no longer endure this.
    坎兒坎儿  ―  tǐng guò zhè dào kǎnr  ―  to persist and overcome this hurdle
  4. to support
      ―  Wǒ shì tǐng nǐ de!  ―  I support you!
  5. outstanding; prominent
  6. (chiefly Mandarin, Jin, colloquial) quite; rather; pretty; very
    不錯不错  ―  tǐng bùcuò  ―  quite good
    可愛可爱  ―  tǐng kě'ài  ―  quite cute
  7. Classifier for machine guns.
Usage notes
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In Standard Mandarin, the degree of is usually less than (hěn) and 非常 (fēicháng).

Synonyms
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  • (to support):
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  • (outstanding):
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  • (quite) (Cantonese) (gei2)

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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simp. and trad.
alternative forms

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “From 停?”)

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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  1. (Cantonese) kind; sort; type

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Readings

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  • Go-on: じょう ()でう (deu, historical)
  • Kan-on: てい (tei)
  • On: ちょう (chō)てう (teu, historical)
  • Kun: ぬく (nuku, 挺く)

Etymology

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Kanji in this term
ちょう
Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

Counter

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(ちょう) (-chō

  1. long and narrow things such as guns, scissors, candles, inksticks

Compounds

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Korean

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(jeong) (hangeul , revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: đĩnh

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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