雱

雱 U+96F1, 雱 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-96F1 ← 雰 [U+96F0] CJK Unified Ideographs 雲 → [U+96F2]

Translingual

Han character

雱 (Kangxi radical 173, 雨+4, 12 strokes, cangjie input 一月卜竹尸 (MBYHS), four-corner 1022₇, composition ⿱雨方)

1. snowing heavily

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1372, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42233
• Dae Jaweon: page 1879, character 14
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4059, character 13
• Unihan data for U+96F1

Chinese

trad.		雱
simp. #		雱
alternative forms		䨦

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (方) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
縍	*paːŋ
榜	*paːŋʔ, *praːŋs, *braːŋ
蒡	*paːŋʔ, *braːŋ
牓	*paːŋʔ
螃	*paːŋʔ, *paːŋs, *baːŋ
搒	*paːŋs, *braːŋ
舫	*paːŋs, *paŋs
謗	*paːŋs
雱	*pʰaːŋ
磅	*pʰaːŋ, *pʰraːŋ
霶	*pʰaːŋ
滂	*pʰaːŋ
鎊	*pʰaːŋ
髈	*pʰaːŋʔ, *baːŋ
彷	*baːŋ, *pʰaŋʔ
趽	*baːŋ, *paŋ, *paŋs
房	*baːŋ, *baŋ
篣	*baːŋ, *braːŋ
騯	*baːŋ, *praːŋ, *braːŋ
傍	*baːŋ, *baːŋs
膀	*baːŋ
旁	*baːŋ
徬	*baːŋs
閍	*praːŋ
祊	*praːŋ
嗙	*praːŋ
方	*paŋ, *baŋ
汸	*paŋ
坊	*paŋ, *baŋ
邡	*paŋ, *pʰaŋs
枋	*paŋ
鈁	*paŋ
蚄	*paŋ
肪	*paŋ, *baŋ
鴋	*paŋ, *baŋ
牥	*paŋ
昉	*paŋʔ
瓬	*paŋʔ
放	*paŋʔ, *paŋs
倣	*paŋʔ
芳	*pʰaŋ
淓	*pʰaŋ
妨	*pʰaŋ, *pʰaŋs
紡	*pʰaŋʔ
仿	*pʰaŋʔ
髣	*pʰaŋʔ
鶭	*pʰaŋʔ
訪	*pʰaŋs
防	*baŋ, *baŋs
魴	*baŋ

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-p(w)am (“to freeze; snow”) (provisionally reconstructed) (STEDT).

Insides Sinitic, 雱 (OC *pʰˁaŋ) is cognate with 霙 (OC *ʔraŋ) "sleet, snowflake", 冰 (OC *p.rəŋ) & 凌 (OC *[r]əŋ ~ p.rəŋ) (both meaning "ice"), & possibly also 凝 (OC [ŋ](r)əŋ) "to congeal" (STEDT; Baxter and Sagart, 2014);

Outsides Sinitic, cognate with Proto-Tani *pam (“snow”), Japhug jpɣom (“to freeze”), tɤjpɣom (“ice”) (STEDT; Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): pāng, páng (pang¹, pang²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄤ, ㄆㄤˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): pong⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: pāng
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄤ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: pang
    • Wade–Giles: pʻang¹
    • Yale: pāng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pang
    • Palladius: пан (pan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɑŋ⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: páng
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄤˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: páng
    • Wade–Giles: pʻang²
    • Yale: páng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: parng
    • Palladius: пан (pan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɑŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: pong⁴
    • Yale: pòhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: pong⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: pong⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɔːŋ²¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: phang

Rime
Character	雱
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	滂 (2)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	普郎切
Baxter	phang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʰɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/pʰɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/pʰɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pʰaŋ/
Li Rong	/pʰɑŋ/
Wang Li	/pʰɑŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/pʰɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	pāng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	pong1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*pʰˤaŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*pʰaːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	雱
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	páng
Middle Chinese	‹ phang ›
Old Chinese	/*pʰˁaŋ/
English	heavy snowfall
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	雱
Reading #	1/1
No.	2994
Phonetic component	方
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	滂
Old Chinese	/*pʰaːŋ/

Definitions

雱

1. (literary, of snowfall or rainfall) heavy; blanketing

   • 北風其涼、雨雪其雱。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     北风其凉、雨雪其雱。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Běifēng qí liáng, yǔxuě qí pāng. [Pinyin]

     Cold does the north wind blow; heavy fall the rain and snow.

Japanese

Kanji

雱

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On (unclassified): ほう (hō)