Perang Pasifik

Perang Pasifik
	Sebahagian daripada Perang Dunia Kedua
	; Kawasan utama konflik dan pendarat Pihak Berikat di Pasifik, 1942–45.
Tarikh	7 Julai 1937 – 9 September 1945
Lokasi	Asia, Lautan Pasifik, pulau-pulaunya dan negara berhampiran
Keputusan	Kemenangan Pihak Berikat, kejatuhan Empayar Jepun
Pihak yang terlibat
Pihak Berikat China ; United Kingdom; Amerika Syarikat; Australia; New Zealand; Belanda; Kesatuan Soviet	Kuasa Paksi Empayar Jepun; Thailand; Manchukuo; Mengjiang; Kerajaan Wiliayah India Bebas
Komandan dan pemimpin
Chiang Kai-shek; Franklin D. Roosevelt; Harry S. Truman; Winston Churchill; John Curtin ; Joseph Stalin	Hirohito; Hideki Tojo; Kuniaki Koiso; Kantarō Suzuki; Plaek Pibulsonggram; Zhang Jinghui; Subhas Chandra Bose
Kerugian dan korban
China: 3.8 juta askar terbunuh, 17+ juta orang awam terbunuh[perlu rujukan]; A.S.: 106,207 terbunuh, 248,316 cedera dan hilang; Filipina: 57,000 terbunuh Australia: 17,501 terbunuh [perlu rujukan]; Kesatuan Soviet: 12,031 terbunuh dan hilang, 24,425 cedera dan sakit; United Kingdom & Tanggungan Mahkota:; Empayar India: 86,838 terbunuh;	1,740,955 askar maut; 393,000 orang awam maut[perlu rujukan]

Perang Pasifik, juga dikenali dengan nama Perang Asia-Pasifik, ialah medan pertempuran Perang Dunia Kedua yang berlaku di Lautan Pasifik dan Asia Timur. Perang di kawasan ini meliputi kawasan yang luas merangkumi kancah Lautan Pasifik, kancah Pasifik Barat Daya, kancah Asia Tenggara dan Perang China-Jepun Kedua, dan Perang Soviet–Jepun.

Kebiasaannya, Perang Pasifik dikatakan bermula pada 7/8 Disember 1941, ketika mana Jepun menakluk Thailand dan menyerang kawasan jajahan British iaitu Tanah Melayu, Singapura dan Hong Kong, serta pengkalan-penglakan tentera Amerika Syarikat di Hawaii dan Filipina. Sesetengah ahli sejarawan mengatakan konflik di Asia boleh dijejak kembali sehingga 7 Julai 1937 dan permulaan Perang China-Jepun Kedua antara Empayar Jepun dengan Republik China, atau mungkin pada 19 September 1931 ketika bermulanya penjajahan Jepun di Manchuria. Namun, awal Disember 1941 lebih diterima meluas sebagai tarikh permulaan Perang Pasifik, dan Perang China-Jepun adalah sebahagian daripadanya sebagai satu teater Perang Dunia Kedua yang lebih besar.

Dalam Perang Pasifik, kuasa-kuasa Berikat bertempur melawan Empayar Jepun. Jepun dibantu sedikit oleh sekutunya Thailand dan lebih sedikit oleh sekutu kuasa Paksinya, Jerman dan Itali. Perang di rantau ini sampai ke kemuncaknya dengan pengeboman atom Hiroshima dan Nagasaki, dan serangan pengeboman udara besar yang lain oleh Pasukan Udara Tentera Darat Amerika Syarikat, diikuti oleh penjajahan Manchuria oleh Kesatuan Soviet pada 8 Ogos 1945, lantas menjurus kepada pengumuman hasrat menyerah diri oleh Jepun pada 15 Ogos 1945. Jepun menyerah kalah secara formal dan rasmi di atas kapal perang USS Missouri di Teluk Tokyo pada 2 September 1945. Selepas kekalahan Jepun, Maharaja Jepun yang berpandukan Shinto menuruni takhtanya sebagai pemerintah ketuhanan Arahan Shinto kerana kuasa Berikat percaya inilah sebab politik utama yang menyebabkan keganasan ketenteraan Jepun dan proses dekonstruksi kerajaan Jepun segera berlaku untuk membina perlembagaan liberal-demokratik kepada penduduk Jepun yang menjadi Perlembagaan Jepun pada hari ini.

Rujukan

^ "The National World War II Museum, New Orleans". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2008-01-06. Dicapai pada 2008-10-28.
^ "Russia and USSR in Wars of XX century". И.И.Ивлев. Dicapai pada 2008-07-11.

Lihat juga

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