Isotopen van terbium
Het chemisch element terbium (Tb), met een atoommassa van 158,92535(2) u, bezit 1 stabiele isotoop: 159Tb, die theoretisch gezien in staat is om spontane splijting te ondergaan. Het is tevens de enige in de natuur voorkomende isotoop van dit element, waardoor het valt onder de mononuclidische elementen. De 35 radio-isotopen zijn onstabiel en hebben een relatief korte halfwaardetijd (de meeste minder dan een seconde).
De kortstlevende isotoop van terbium is 135Tb, met een halfwaardetijd van ongeveer 0,94 milliseconden. De langstlevende is 158Tb, met een halfwaardetijd van 180 jaar.
Overzicht
[bewerken | brontekst bewerken]| Nuclide | Z (p) | N (n) | Isotopische massa (u) | Halveringstijd | Radioactief verval | VP | Kernspin | Isotopische verhouding (molfractie) |
Natuurlijk voorkomen (molfractie) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Excitatie-energie | |||||||||
| 135Tb | 65 | 70 | 0,94 ms | (7/2−) | |||||
| 136Tb | 65 | 71 | 135,96138(64) | 0,2 s | |||||
| 137Tb | 65 | 72 | 136,95598(64) | 600 ms | 11/2− | ||||
| 138Tb | 65 | 73 | 137,95316(43) | 800 ms | β+ | 138Gd | |||
| p | 137Gd | ||||||||
| 139Tb | 65 | 74 | 138,94829(32) | 1,6(2) s | β+ | 139Gd | 11/2− | ||
| 140Tb | 65 | 75 | 139,94581(86) | 2,4(2) s | β+ (99,74%) | 140Gd | 5 | ||
| β+, p (0,26%) | 139Eu | ||||||||
| 141Tb | 65 | 76 | 140,94145(11) | 3,5(2) s | β+ | 141Gd | (5/2−) | ||
| 141mTb | 0(200) keV | 7,9(6) s | β+ | 141Gd | 11/2− | ||||
| 142Tb | 65 | 77 | 141,93874(32) | 597(17) ms | β+ | 142Gd | 1+ | ||
| β+, p | 141Eu | ||||||||
| 142m1Tb | 280,2(10) keV | 303(17) ms | IT (99,5%) | 142Tb | (5−) | ||||
| β+ (0,5%) | 142Gd | ||||||||
| 142m2Tb | 621,4(11) keV | 15(4) µs | |||||||
| 143Tb | 65 | 78 | 142,93512(6) | 12(1) s | β+ | 143Gd | (11/2−) | ||
| 143mTb | 0(100) keV | < 21 s | β+ | 143Gd | 5/2+ | ||||
| 144Tb | 65 | 79 | 143,93305(3) | ± 1 s | β+ | 144Gd | 1+ | ||
| β+, p (zelden) | 143Eu | ||||||||
| 144m1Tb | 396,9(5) keV | 4,25(15) s | IT (66%) | 144Tb | (6−) | ||||
| β+ (34%) | 144Gd | ||||||||
| β+, p (< 1%) | 143Eu | ||||||||
| 144m2Tb | 476,2(5) keV | 2,8(3) µs | (8−) | ||||||
| 144m3Tb | 517,1(5) keV | 670(60) ns | (9+) | ||||||
| 144m4Tb | 544,5(6) keV | < 300 ns | (10+) | ||||||
| 145Tb | 65 | 80 | 144,92927(6) | 20 min | β+ | 145Gd | (3/2+) | ||
| 145mTb | 0(100) keV | 30,9(7) s | β+ | 145Gd | (11/2−) | ||||
| 146Tb | 65 | 81 | 145,92725(5) | 8(4) s | β+ | 146Gd | 1+ | ||
| 146m1Tb | 150(100) keV | 24,1(5) s | β+ | 146Gd | 5− | ||||
| 146m2Tb | 930(100) keV | 1,18(2) ms | (10+) | ||||||
| 147Tb | 65 | 82 | 146,924045(13) | 1,64(3) uur | β+ | 147Gd | 1/2+ | ||
| 147mTb | 50,6(9) keV | 1,87(5) min | β+ | 147Gd | 11/2− | ||||
| 148Tb | 65 | 83 | 147,924272(15) | 60(1) min | β+ | 148Gd | 2− | ||
| 148m1Tb | 90,1(3) keV | 2,20(5) min | β+ | 148Gd | 9+ | ||||
| 148m2Tb | 8618,6(10) keV | 1,310(7) µs | (27+) | ||||||
| 149Tb | 65 | 84 | 148,923246(5) | 4,118(25) uur | β+ (83,3%) | 149Gd | 1/2+ | ||
| α (16,7%) | 145Eu | ||||||||
| 149mTb | 35,78(13) keV | 4,16(4) min | β+ (99,97%) | 149Gd | 11/2− | ||||
| α (0,022%) | 145Eu | ||||||||
| 150Tb | 65 | 85 | 149,923660(8) | 3,48(16) uur | β+ (99,95%) | 150Gd | (2−) | ||
| α (0,05%) | 146Eu | ||||||||
| 150mTb | 457(29) keV | 5,8(2) min | β+ | 150Gd | 9+ | ||||
| IT (zelden) | 150Tb | ||||||||
| 151Tb | 65 | 86 | 150,923103(5) | 17,609(1) uur | β+ (99,99%) | 151Gd | 1/2+ | ||
| α (0,0095%) | 147Eu | ||||||||
| 151mTb | 99,54(6) keV | 25(3) s | IT (93,8%) | 151Tb | (11/2−) | ||||
| β+ (6,2%) | 151Gd | ||||||||
| 152Tb | 65 | 87 | 151,92407(4) | 17,5(1) uur | β+ | 152Gd | 2− | ||
| α (7 × 10−7%) | 148Eu | ||||||||
| 152m1Tb | 342,15(16) keV | 0,96 µs | 5− | ||||||
| 152m2Tb | 501,74(19) keV | 4,2(1) min | IT (78,8%) | 152Tb | 8+ | ||||
| β+ (21,2%) | 152Gd | ||||||||
| 153Tb | 65 | 88 | 152,923435(5) | 2,34(1) dagen | β+ | 153Gd | 5/2+ | ||
| 153mTb | 163,175(5) keV | 186(4) µs | 11/2− | ||||||
| 154Tb | 65 | 89 | 153,92468(5) | 21,5(4) uur | β+ (99,9%) | 154Gd | 0+ | ||
| β− (0,1%) | 154Dy | ||||||||
| 154m1Tb | 12(7) keV | 9,4(4) uur | β+ (78,2%) | 154Gd | 3− | ||||
| IT (21,8%) | 154Tb | ||||||||
| β− (0,1%) | 154Dy | ||||||||
| 154m2Tb | 200(150) keV | 22,7(5) uur | 7− | ||||||
| 154m3Tb | 0+Z keV | 513(42) ns | |||||||
| 155Tb | 65 | 90 | 154,923505(13) | 5,32(6) d | EV | 155Gd | 3/2+ | ||
| 156Tb | 65 | 91 | 155,924747(5) | 5,35(10) dagen | β+ | 156Gd | 3− | ||
| β− (zelden) | 156Dy | ||||||||
| 156m1Tb | 54(3) keV | 24,4(10) uur | IT | 156Tb | (7−) | ||||
| 156m2Tb | 88,4(2) keV | 5,3(2) uur | (0+) | ||||||
| 157Tb | 65 | 92 | 156,9240246(27) | 71(7) jaar | EV | 157Gd | 3/2+ | ||
| 158Tb | 65 | 93 | 157,9254131(28) | 180(11) jaar | β+ (83,4%) | 158Gd | 3- | ||
| β− (16,6%) | 158Dy | ||||||||
| 158m1Tb | 110,3(12) keV | 10,70(17) s | IT (99,39%) | 158Tb | 0- | ||||
| β− (0,6%) | 158Dy | ||||||||
| β+ (0,01%) | 158Gd | ||||||||
| 158m2Tb | 388,37(15) keV | 0,40(4) ms | 7− | ||||||
| 159Tb | 65 | 94 | 158,9253468(27) | stabiel | 3/2+ | 1,0000 | |||
| 160Tb | 65 | 95 | 159,9271676(27) | 72,3(2) dagen | β− | 160Dy | 3− | ||
| 161Tb | 65 | 96 | 160,9275699(28) | 6,906(19) dagen | β− | 161Dy | 3/2+ | ||
| 162Tb | 65 | 97 | 161,92949(4) | 7,60(15) min | β− | 162Dy | 1− | ||
| 163Tb | 65 | 98 | 162,930648(5) | 19,5(3) min | β− | 163Dy | 3/2+ | ||
| 164Tb | 65 | 99 | 163,93335(11) | 3,0(1) min | β− | 164Dy | (5+) | ||
| 165Tb | 65 | 100 | 164,93488(21) | 2,11(10) min | β− | 165mDy | 3/2+ | ||
| 166Tb | 65 | 101 | 165,93799(11) | 25,6(22) s | β− | 166Dy | |||
| 167Tb | 65 | 102 | 166,94005(43) | 19,4(27) s | β− | 167Dy | 3/2+ | ||
| 168Tb | 65 | 103 | 167,94364(54) | 8,2(13) s | β− | 168Dy | 4− | ||
| 169Tb | 65 | 104 | 168,94622(64) | 2 s | β− | 169Dy | 3/2+ | ||
| 170Tb | 65 | 105 | 169,95025(75) | 3 s | β− | 170Dy | |||
| 171Tb | 65 | 106 | 170,95330(86) | 500 ms | β− | 171Dy | 3/2+ | ||
Overzicht van isotopen per element
[bewerken | brontekst bewerken]| 1 | 18 | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | H | 2 | Periodiek systeem | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | He | |||||||||
| 2 | Li | Be | De links verwijzen naar isotopen per element | B | C | N | O | F | Ne | |||||||||
| 3 | Na | Mg | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | Al | Si | P | S | Cl | Ar |
| 4 | K | Ca | Sc | Ti | V | Cr | Mn | Fe | Co | Ni | Cu | Zn | Ga | Ge | As | Se | Br | Kr |
| 5 | Rb | Sr | Y | Zr | Nb | Mo | Tc | Ru | Rh | Pd | Ag | Cd | In | Sn | Sb | Te | I | Xe |
| 6 | Cs | Ba | ↓ | Hf | Ta | W | Re | Os | Ir | Pt | Au | Hg | Tl | Pb | Bi | Po | At | Rn |
| 7 | Fr | Ra | ↓↓ | Rf | Db | Sg | Bh | Hs | Mt | Ds | Rg | Cn | Nh | Fl | Mc | Lv | Ts | Og |
| Lanthaniden | La | Ce | Pr | Nd | Pm | Sm | Eu | Gd | Tb | Dy | Ho | Er | Tm | Yb | Lu | |||
| Actiniden | Ac | Th | Pa | U | Np | Pu | Am | Cm | Bk | Cf | Es | Fm | Md | No | Lr | |||
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
- (en) R.B. Firestone, S.Y. Frank Chu & C.M. Baglin (1999) - Table of Isotopes (online versie van de cd-rom)
- (en) G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot & O. Bersillon (2003) - The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties, Nuclear Physics A, 729, pp. 3-128
- (en) J.R. de Laeter, J.K. Böhlke, P. De Bièvre, H. Hidaka, H.S. Peiser, K.J.R. Rosman & P.D.P. Taylor (2003) - Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 75 (6), pp. 683–800
- (en) M.E. Wieser (2006) - Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 78 (11), pp. 2051–2066
- (en) David R. Lide (2004) - CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.), hoofdstuk 11, CRC Press - ISBN 978-0849304859
· 
· 