Xeops piramidasi

Xeops piramidasi (), Gizaning buyuk piramidasi – Misr piramidalarining eng kattasi, Qadimgi Misr meʼmorlik sanʼati yodgorligi; „Dunyoning yetti moʻjizasi“ dan hozirgi kungacha saqlanib qolgan yagona va ulardan eng qadimgisi: uning yoshi taxminan 4500 yil deb baholanadi.

Misr poytaxti va Nil deltasi yaqinidagi Giza platosida, uning chap qirgʻogʻida; Eski podsholikning toʻrtinchi sulolasidan boʻlgan uch fir’avn nomlari bilan atalgan uch yirik piramidaning eng shimoliy qismida joylashgan, qurilishni – Xeops (Xufu), Xefren (Xafra) va Mikerin (Menkaura). Memfis (Eski qirollik poytaxti) va Heliopolis shaharlari yaqinida Qohira tashkil etilishidan ming yillar oldin uchta piramida – yon tomonlari toʻrtta asosiy yoʻnalishga yoʻnaltirilgan.

Yonlari silliq, asosi toʻrtburchak boʻlgan bir pogʻonali piramida boʻlib, 1395-yilda sulton Barquq davrida korpusi olib tashlangan, tepasi esa uzunligi va kengligi 10 m boʻlgan platformadir. Piramidani qurish paytida, taxminan 4500 yil oldin, yer oʻqining presessiyasi tufayli, samoviy sferaning shimoliy qutbiga (polarissima) eng yaqin yorqin yulduz Alpha Ursa Minor emas, balki Alpha Draconis boʻlgan. Uch ming yildan koʻproq vaqt davomida (Angliyaning Linkoln sobori qurilgunga qadar, taxminan 1300-yillar) piramida Yerdagi eng baland inshoot boʻlgan. 1979-yildan, Memfis va uning nekropollarining boshqa koʻplab piramidalari – Gizadan Daxshur majmuasigacha boʻlgan piramidalar hududi singari, u UNESCOning Jahon merosi roʻyxatiga kiritilgan.

Adabiyotlar

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Havolalar

• Постройка пирамиды Хеопса (XXVI век до н. э.) (Wayback Machine saytida 2023-09-08 sanasida arxivlangan)
• Dimensions of Pyramid of Khufu (Cheops)^(ingl.)
• The pyramids and temples of Gizeh (1883)^(ingl.)
• Geological and Geomorphological study of the original hill at the base of Fourth Dynasty Egyptian monuments (Wayback Machine saytida 2011-05-24 sanasida arxivlangan)^(ingl.)